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2013年同等学力英语语法专项复习(六)

2013年同等学力英语语法专项复习:复合从句

第十一节复合从句
一、总述

根据从句在句中担任成分的不同,可将其分为名词性从句、形容词性从句和副词性从句。
名词性从句包括主语从句、表语从句、宾语从句和同位语从句。引导名词性从句的关联词有:
单纯连接词:that, whether, if (此类连接词在从句中不充当句法成分)。
疑问代词:who, whoever, whichever, what, whatever (此类词在名词性从句中充当一定的句法成分)。疑问副词:when, where, why, how (此类副词在句中充当句法成分)。
二、重点考点
1. 名词性从句
名词性从句包括主语从句、表语从句、宾语从句和同位语从句。引导这些名词性从句的关联词包括:从属连词that ifwhether ;连接代词who whoever whom whomever which whichever what whatever whose ;连接副词where when why how 。其中,从属连词只起连接作用,在从句中不充当任何句法成分,而连接代词和连接副词则既起连接作用,又在从句中充当一定的成分。例如:
That Owen should have married his cousin is not at all surprising.
The fact is that he didn
t go to the dinner party.
I don
t know if he will attend the meeting.
Have you heard the news that Mary is going to marry Tom?
A.
在含有主语从句的复合句中,为保持句子平衡,常用it 作形式主语,而将真正的主语从句放在句末。例如:Its well-known that water is indispensable to life.
B.
为保持句子平衡,that 引导的宾语从句也常用it 代替,而将真正的宾语从句置于主句句末。这常常出现在主句有形容词或分词作宾语补足语的情况下。例如:
He made it quite clear that he preferred to live here.
C.
从属连词whether if 都作“是否
⋯⋯”解,但if 不可引导主语从句和表语从句。
whether 可与or (not) 连用,而if 不可以。例如:
I dont know whether (if) she is at home. Whether she comes or not makes no difference.
D. that
what 引导名词性从句的区别:that 在从句中不充当成分,而what 在从句
中充当一定的成分,如主语、表语、宾语等。that 可省略,what 则不可省。例如:
He always means what he says. She suggested (that) he do it at once.
E.
同位语从句大多由从属连词that 引导,常跟在下列名词后面,如factidea opinion news hope belief 等。同位语从句一般用来解释说明这些名词的具体含义和内容。that 不可省略。例如:
We are familiar with the idea that all matter consists of atoms.
The news that we are invited to the conference is very encouraging.

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