《在职人员以研究生毕业同等学力申请硕士学位外国语课程水平统一考试大纲》中，第四部分是完形填空(Cloze)。考试大纲规定，该考项占考题总分10%，共20题，每题05分，考试时间为15分钟，测试形式是在一篇难度适中的短文(约200～250 英语词)中留有20个空白，每个空白为一题。要求考生从四个选择项中选出一个合适答案。选择项可以是一个单词，也可以是短语(从1995年、1996年两年考题看，短文的长度约320～350 英语词——编者注)。
该考项是测试考生综合运用语言能力的客观题。完形填空与单句填空试题不同，该考项不单纯考查考生对某些语法项目的掌握或某些词义的识别及辨析，而是从语篇的角度综合测试考生的阅读理解能力、词汇的掌握、语法规则的应用及对英语惯用法的熟悉程度。因此，完形填空是连贯短文层次上的填空，考生应该在正确理解通篇文章大意的基础上，综合运用所学过的词汇和语法知识，选择合适答案，使短文的意思和结构完整。
从国内主要统考试卷及近几年在职人员的英语考试试卷看，完形填空有以下特点：
首先，完形填空的测试重点已从传统的语法项目转移到对整体语感的测试。根据上下文进行选择的题目比例很大。词汇的测试也不仅仅限于对基本词义的理解，同义词、近义词、一词多义、固定搭配及习惯用法的应用也成为测试的重点。
能否在该考项取得好成绩，取决于做大量的阅读练习以增加语感，打好语言功底。
下文的分析以两篇文章为例。
Sleep is divided into periods of socalled REM sleep,characterized by rapid eye movements and dreaming,and longer periods of nonREM sleep. 1 kind of sleep is at all wellunderstood,but REM sleep is 2 to serve some restorative function of the brain.The purpose of
nonREM sleep is even more 3 .The new experiments,such as those 4 for the first time at a recent
meeting of the Society
for Sleep Research in Minneapolis, suggest fascinating explanations 5 of nonREM sleep.
1.A Either B Neither C Each D Any
2.A intended B required C assumed D inferred
3.A subtle B obvious C mysterious D doubtful
4.A maintained B described C settled D afforded
5.A in the light B by virtus C with the exception D for the purpose
For example,it has long been known that total sleep 6 is 100 percent fatal to rats,yet,
7 examination of the dead bodies,
the animals look completely normal.A researcher has now 8 the mystery of why the
animals die.The rats
9 bacterial infections of the blood, 10 their immune systems-the selfprotecting mechanism against diseaseshad crashed.
Vitamins are organic compounds necessary in small amounts in the diet for the
normal growth and maintenance
of life of animals, including man.They do not provide energy, 11 do they construct or
build any part of the body.They are needed for 12 foods into energy and body
maintenance.There are thirteen or more
of them,and if 13 is missing a deficiency disease becomes 14 .Vitamins are similar because they are made of the same elements-usually carbon,hydrogen,oxygen,and 15 nitrogen.They are different 16 their elements
are arranged differently,and each
vitamin 17 one or more specific functions in the body. 18 enough vitamins is
essential to life,although the body has no nutritional use for 19 vitamins.Many people, 20 ,
believe in being on the “safe side”ad.thus take extra vitamins.However,a wellbalanced diet will usually meet all the bodys vitamin needs.
6. A reduction B destruction C deprivation D restriction
7. A upon B by C through D with
8. A paid attention to B caught sight of C laid emphasison on D cast light on
9. A develop B produce C stimulate D induce
10.A if B as if C only if D if only
11.A either B so C nor D never
12.A shifting B transferring C altering D transforming
13.A any B some C anything D something
14.A serious B apparent C severe D fatal
15.A mostly B partially C sometimes D rarely
16.A in that B so that C such that D except that
17.A undertakes B holds C plsys D performs
18.A Supplying B Getting C Providing D Furnishing
19.A exceptional B exceeding C excess D external
20.A nevertheless B therefore C moreover D meanwhile
(答案：1.B 2.C 3.C 4.B 5.D 6.C 7.A 8.D 9.A 10.B 11.C 12.D 13.A 14.B 15.C 16.A 17.D 18.B 19.C 20.A)
一、通读全文，从整体角度掌握文章大意
答题之前，一定要快速通读整篇文章，了解短文大意，为选择做准备，这样可以避免有时“前后撞车”。绝对不能拿过来就做。
一般来讲，短文的开篇第一句都不留空，通读的关键要弄清第一句，这一句往往是本段甚至是本文的主题句，便于考生对短文主题及背景的理解。
第一篇文章主要内容是探讨睡眠中快速眼动(Rapid Eye Movement-REM)和非快快速眼动(nonREM)两个阶段的作用。
段首句译文：睡眠分成以眼睛的快速活动和做梦为特点的所谓快速眼动阶段和较长的非快速眼动阶段。
第二篇文章是关于维生素是人体生命的基本的东西及其作用。
段首句译文：维生素是有机化合物，少量存在于食物中，是包括人在内的一切动物正常生长和维持生命所必需的。
二、结合上下文内容的合理性及句子之间的逻辑关系选择适合答案
完形填空练习中，有些解题信息并非以词的形式出现，而是要从上文或下文的部分句子或整个句子甚至几个句子去捕捉。该项练习在很多情况下是利用语法的正确性与内容的排斥性之间的矛盾来命题的。因此，有些选项离开上下文孤立地看，语法是正确的，而结合上下文看，内容却是错误的。所以考生一定要结合上下文才有可能作出正确的选择。
第1个选择。从文意角度看，REM睡眠的作用只能在没有足够事实根据的情况下姑且“假定”，说nonREM睡眠的目的“更加明显。
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